Readers guide to critical appraisal of cohort studies: 3. Analytical strategies to reduce confounding

Reader's guide to critical appraisal of cohort studies: 1. Role and design.

Methodological issues of confounding in analytical epidemiologic studies

Background: Confounding can be thought of as mixing the effect of exposure on the risk of disease with a third factor which distorts the measure of association such as risk ratio or odds ratio. This bias arises because of complex functional relationship of confounder with both exposure and disease (outcome). In this article, we provided a conceptual framework review of confounding issues in epi...

Guide to the use of statistical methods in clinical studies

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A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF HUMAN GROWTH STUDIES IN IRAN

Studies of human growth throughout Iran since 1966 have been surveyed critically. Only 32 papers and 15 research reports on this very crucial issue have been published or compiled so far, most of them on Tehran and Shiraz, which is negligible in comparison with American or European and even some African and Asian studies. Though measurements of height and weight naturally predominate, arm ...

methodological issues of confounding in analytical epidemiologic studies

background: confounding can be thought of as mixing the effect of exposure on the risk of disease with a third factor which distorts the measure of association such as risk ratio or odds ratio. this bias arises because of complex functional relationship of confounder with both exposure and disease (outcome). in this article, we provided a conceptual framework review of confounding issues in epi...